The basic consumer of municipal heating services in Kazakhstan is residential sector that accounts for about 40% of supplied energy.
The better part of residential buildings was constructed in the last century by projects and of building materials relevant for the then economic conditions, which have changed ever since.
The country is developing market economy determining the cost of goods and services.
Gennady DOROSHIN, National Advisor of the UNDP/GEF Project “Removing Barriers to Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heat and Hot Water Supply”
http://kz.beeca.net/en/publications/340